Expectorant

What it is and how it works

‘Expectorant’ syrups are combination products intended to loosen bronchial secretions and ease their removal by coughing. They typically contain an expectorant such as guaifenesin, ammonium chloride or sodium citrate, which increase the volume or reduce the viscosity of respiratory secretions, sometimes with an antihistamine (e.g. diphenhydramine) and aromatic agents such as menthol; the exact composition varies by product.

Indications

Symptomatic relief of productive (chesty) cough associated with colds and minor upper respiratory tract infections.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to any ingredient; antihistamine-containing products should be avoided in young children and used with caution in narrow-angle glaucoma, urinary retention and prostatic hypertrophy.

Warnings and precautions

Evidence of efficacy is limited, and cough and cold preparations should not be used in children under 6 years (UK MHRA advice). Antihistamine components cause drowsiness and potentiate alcohol and other CNS depressants; persistent cough lasting more than a few weeks requires medical evaluation.

Pregnancy

Use only if clearly needed and on professional advice, depending on the components.

Storage and supply

Store below 25 °C, protected from light.

Source: reference summary prepared from the EU SmPC/EPAR, BNF and WHO Model Formulary. The approved product information in Iran governs.