Interferon Alfa-2b

What it is and how it works

Recombinant interferon alfa-2b binds to type I interferon receptors and activates JAK–STAT signalling, inducing antiviral proteins that inhibit viral replication. It also has antiproliferative effects and enhances immune activity of macrophages, natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells.

Indications

Chronic hepatitis B and C (largely superseded by newer antivirals); hairy cell leukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, carcinoid tumours, malignant melanoma (adjuvant) and AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma, according to the product information.

Dosage and administration (summary)

Given by subcutaneous, intramuscular or intravenous injection; dose and schedule vary widely by indication and are individualised by the specialist.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity; severe pre-existing cardiac disease; severe hepatic or renal dysfunction, decompensated cirrhosis; history of severe psychiatric disorder, particularly depression with suicidal ideation; epilepsy or CNS compromise; uncontrolled thyroid disease; autoimmune hepatitis or other autoimmune disease.

Warnings and precautions

Neuropsychiatric effects including severe depression and suicidal behaviour may occur; monitor closely. Flu-like symptoms, myelosuppression, hepatic decompensation, thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune disorders, retinopathy and cardiovascular events have been reported; monitor blood counts, liver and thyroid function. Effective contraception is needed; when combined with ribavirin, strict contraception is required because of ribavirin teratogenicity.

Pregnancy

Use only if clearly necessary; contraindicated in combination with ribavirin.

Storage and supply

Store at 2–8 °C; do not freeze.

Source: reference summary prepared from the EU SmPC/EPAR, BNF and WHO Model Formulary. The approved product information in Iran governs.